A model of whitecollar crime that lends itself somewhat more to empirical data analysis was herbert edelhertzs 1970 definition. Difference between whitecollar crime and corporate crime. Understanding white collar crime by hazel croall, 2001. More recently, however, the term occupational crime has been applied to activities quite removed from the original meaning of white collar crime, and it has. Encyclopedia of whitecollar corporate crime second edition volume 2 lawrence m. Sutherland, edwin h whitecollar crime the presidential address sutherland, then 56 years old, introduced the term whitecollar crime in his presidential address in philadelphia at a joint meeting of the american sociological society and the american economic association. Despite the ubiquity of illegality in todays financial markets and the questions this raises with regard to the social legitimacy of todays financial industry, systematic scrutiny of the phenomenon of financial crime is. I often hear the terms white collar crime and corporate crime being confused because the type of criminal activity most common in each like embezzlement, fraud, money laundering or bribery are the same kind of crime the big difference is 1 who benefits from the crime and 2 who goes to jail.
Encyclopedia of whitecollar and corporate crime second. Encyclopedia of whitecollar and corporate crime second edition volume 1 lawrence m. Encyclopedia of whitecollar corporate crime second. Criminal justice policy research institute white collar crime. Clinard 1990 suggested replacing white collar crime with the terms corporate corruption and abuse of corporate power. Since the first edition of the encyclopedia of white collar and corporate crime was produced in 2004, the number and severity of these crimes have risen to the level of calamity, so much so that many experts attribute the neardepression of 2008 to white collar malfeasance, namely crimes of greed and excess by bankers and financial institutions. The criminal justice systems role in protecting the environment. E63 2005 ref this twovolume set covers key figures, organizations, activities, and issues related to white collar crime, and includes an historical perspective. In addition to numerous journal articles on whitecollar crime, he has authored crime and the life course. Whitecollar crime is often based on trust established between the victim and the offender before any crime is committed. This comprehensive overview of white collar crime begins by introducing the concept, looking at its definition, its identification with class and status, and its development within criminology. Programs following the corporate crime wave of the. While more research is needed in this area, the extant work suggests how anomie theory provides a particularly powerful explanation of nationallevel differences in businesscorporate crime e.
However, corporate crime was not officially recognized as an independent area of study until edwin sutherland provided a definition of white collar crime in 1949. Ncvrw, national crime victims rights week 2016, ovc, national center for victims of crime, 508, data, statistics, fraud, financial crime, identity theft, scams, ncvc, fact sheet created date. Encyclopedia of whitecollar and corporate crime hv6768. Local prosecutors at work, which received the 2000 outstanding scholarship award of the crime and. An illegal act or series of illegal acts committed by nonphysical means and by concealment or guile to obtain money or property, to avoid the payment or loss of money or property, or to obtain business or. This twovolume encyclopedia has been updated and refined to reflect the changing landscape of whitecollar and corporate crime. It contains a selection of the classic literature on the subject along with a range of contemporary writing. Corporate crime examines key themes in the study of corporate crime, exploring how it is defined, legally constructed, researched and controlled. Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. Finally, anomie theory has been extended and applied to research on businesscorporate and whitecollar crime. Encyclopedia of whitecollar and corporate crime sage. Criminal in this encyclopedia defines whitecollar criminals as business and government professionals who commit crimes that are characterized by deceit, concealment, or violation of trust and are not dependent on the application or threat of physical force or violence and have a financial motivation rooted in the.
Whitecollar crime, crime committed by persons who, often by virtue of their occupations, exploit social, economic, or technological power for personal or corporate gain. He is a past president of the whitecollar crime research consortium. Whitecollar crime consists of occupational crime and corporate crime. White collar crime, 1949 the sexual psychopath laws, journal of criminal law and criminology 40 1950 on analyzing crime, 1973. Compliance and corporate crime control corporate crime decisionmaking crimes of the powerful women and whitecollar crime compliance and corporate crime control corporate crime decisionmaking crimes of the powerful women and whitecollar crime skip to main content skip to. Encyclopedia of whitecollar and corporate crime ebook, 20. The term, coined in 1939 by the american criminologist edwin sutherland, drew attention to the typical attire of the perpetrators. A comparative study of white collar crime prosecution in the. Lawrence sallingers encyclopedia of whitecollar and corporate crime is an impressive twovolume reference work in a class by itself. Such individuals generally do not think of themselves as criminals, nor do they consider their activities criminal. Sutherland in 1949, argued to the american sociological society the need to expand the boundaries of the study of crime to include the criminal act of respectable individuals in the.
These terms included both corporate and occupational crimes, regardless of whether they violate criminal, civil, or administrative laws. The concept of occupational crimeas one of the principal forms of white collar crimehas been quite familiar and widely invoked since the publication of clinard and quinneys influential criminal behavior systems. Page 7 of 12 encyclopedia of criminological theory. Salinger editor arkansas state university, jonesboro dsage reference.
An introduction and has coauthored combating corporate crime. From enron to martha stewart, whitecollar crime has become a topic of almost daily news. After an essay on the historiography of whitecollar crime, roughly 200 alphabetically arranged entries written by leading scholars in the field provide an indepth look into the various aspects. Understanding white collar crime pdf free download epdf. Congress passed a wave of laws and statutes in the 1970s and 80s. Once the ebook is correctly delivered, there will be no. United states, white collar crime emerged into the national spotlight.
The whitecollar crime attorney is a lawyer who is competent in general legal principles and in the substantive and procedural aspects of the law related to upperclass financial crime. Certain moral sentiments develop in the history of human society, how they developed is not our present concern certain of these moral sentiments become of such interest to the whole group that conduct out. Militaryindustrial complex sells them for large profits. Encyclopedia of criminological theory sage companion. This work incorporates information about a variety of. My practice specializes in defending white collar crime and business crime. Salinger arkansas state has edited a wellresearched and clearly written collection of articles about the types of white collar crime and cites some of the more notorious players. Recent trends in whitecollar crime include a shift in theoretical orientation to opportunity and choice perspectives, a rising interest in the psychology of whitecollar crime, research focused on the role of whitecollar crime in the global financial crisis, and a. Anomie theory oxford research encyclopedia of criminology. There often is no single offender or victim to report the crime. Clinard 1990 suggested replacing whitecollar crime with the terms corporate corruption and abuse of corporate power. Tracking whitecollar crime, especially corporate crime, is generally much more complicated than tracking other crimes. Its purpose was ta assist newcomers to the area to think conceptually and.
Under the law, racketeering included things like embezzlement from union funds, bribery and mail fraud. Reexamination of white collar and corporate crime coverage in criminology textbooks, journals and ph. Corporate and whitecollar crime this sage ebook is and is supplied by netlibrary. The evolution of the concept of whitecollar crime econstor. Corporate crime, type of whitecollar crime committed by individuals within their legitimate occupations, for the benefit of their employing organization. Since the publication of the first edition, nine years ago, several major crises have arisen in the u. The problems of estimating the vast extent of white collar and corporate crime are explored, and some of its. American outrage over white collar crimes is not new, rather it is a reaction stemming from a series of corporate misdeeds going back sixty years. Occupational crime, occupational deviance, and workplace. The racketeer influence and corrupt organizations act rico was originally associated with mafiarelated organized crime, but was soon applied to whitecollar crime. The term comes from the out of date assumption that business executives wear white shirts and ties.
Whitecollar crime an overview sciencedirect topics. Preventing and punishing whitecollar crime howstuffworks. White collar crime legal definition of white collar crime. Occupational crime refers to offences committed against legitimate institutions businesses or government by those with respectable social status. Cohen, albert, alfred lindesmith, and karl schuessler, editors, the sutherland papers, bloomington.